History is a fascinating tapestry woven with tales of triumphs, tragedies, and the development of human civilization. It is frequently seen as a window into the past. The study of history provides priceless insights into our shared past and the forces that have influenced the world we live in today, from ancient civilizations to contemporary events. While organized narratives are provided by textbooks and documentaries, quiz questions are an entertaining way to test our knowledge and learn more about historical events. Let’s take a historical tour, examining significant events and personalities via the prism of trivia questions.

Read more: Spanish Institutes in Ghaziabad

1. Ancient Civilizations:
   • Quiz Question: Which ancient civilization built the Great Pyramid of Giza?
   • Answer: The ancient Egyptians.
2. Medieval Europe:
   • Quiz Question: Who was the English monarch responsible for the signing of the Magna Carta in 1215?
   • Answer: King John of England.
3. Renaissance and Reformation:
   • Quiz Question: Which Italian artist is famous for painting the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel?
   • Answer: Michelangelo Buonarroti.
4. Age of Exploration:
   • Quiz Question: Who led the first expedition to circumnavigate the globe?
   • Answer: Ferdinand Magellan.
5. Enlightenment Era:
   • Quiz Question: Which philosopher is known for his work “The Social Contract” and his concept of the “general will”?
   • Answer: Jean-Jacques Rousseau.
6. Industrial Revolution:
   • Quiz Question: Which invention is credited with kickstarting the Industrial Revolution in the late 18th century?
   • Answer: The steam engine.
7. World War I:
   • Quiz Question: What event triggered the outbreak of World War I?
   • Answer: The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary.
8. Interwar Period:
   • Quiz Question: Which treaty formally ended World War I?
   • Answer: The Treaty of Versailles.
9. World War II:
   • Quiz Question: Who was the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom during World War II?
   • Answer: Winston Churchill.
10. Cold War Era:
    • Quiz Question: What was the name of the space race competition between the United States and the Soviet Union?
    • Answer: The Space Race.
11. Civil Rights Movement:
    • Quiz Question: Who was the leader of the nonviolent civil rights movement in the United States and delivered the famous “I Have a Dream” speech?
    • Answer: Martin Luther King Jr.
12. Decolonization:
    • Quiz Question: Which country was the first to gain independence from European colonial rule in Africa?
    • Answer: Ghana.
13. Space Exploration:
    • Quiz Question: Who was the first human to set foot on the moon?
    • Answer: Neil Armstrong.
14. End of the Cold War:
    • Quiz Question: What event symbolized the end of the Cold War?
    • Answer: The fall of the Berlin Wall.
15. 21st Century Events:
    • Quiz Question: What was the name of the terrorist group responsible for the September 11 attacks in the United States?
    • Answer: Al-Qaeda.

History is a story that links us to the past and influences the present. It is not just a list of dates and facts. We may interact with historical events more deeply through quiz questions, which allow us to test our knowledge while learning more about the individuals, cultures, and events that have impacted our world. Therefore, the next time you encounter a history quiz, seize the chance to learn about the rich tapestry of human history and value the lessons it has to give.Top of Form

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The ICF coaching certification stands as a lighthouse in the wide sea of personal and professional development that sets out to guide people toward remarkable change. This coveted credential means a deep commitment to ethical guidelines, sustained appreciation of high-quality training, and strict observance of the ICF core competencies. So, let’s begin the learning journey with this guide for you to get help from.

The Crux of ICF Coaching Accreditation

ICF coaching certification is far more than a mere badge of honor; it embodies the process of transformational existence mastery, where individuals learn to harness their ability to lead themselves and others toward victory. Based on the basic paradigm of clients as creatively resourceful, this comprehensive coaching approach goes beyond conventional limits, involving areas such as psychology, communication, and leadership.

Empowering Communication Through ICF Coaching

Active listening and the art of powerful questioning are a central focus within the ICF’s coaching programs. This kind of skill promotes harmonious communication, both within the sphere of interpersonal relationships and professional practice. It is a transformative journey; the dance between coach and client deepens understanding and leads to profound insights.

Igniting Self-Discovery and Growth

At the core of ICF coaching is the belief that each client has an inherent capability to find their own solutions. Coaches, who serve as professional facilitators, lead individuals on an internal process of self-inquiry into the situations at hand while providing the required tools to help them thrive and succeed. The development of self-awareness is like a foundation that allows people to see and understand the world in new ways.

Driving Sustainable Change through ICF Coaching. 

While the temptation of short-term solutions is strong, ICF coaching guides one toward progressive change that leads to permanent transformation. This method not only works to create short-term improvements but also ensures that individuals are provided with the resources and resilience needed to deal with future challenges. Such consistent change does not only impact individual clients but affects teams and families as well.

Choosing the Appropriate Accredited Coaching Program 

Choosing a training program is paramount to starting the process of certifying oneself as an ICF-certified coach. Choosing an ICF-accredited coaching program guarantees effortless compliance with the strict standards of the organization and not only boosts one’s reputation but also increases the scope to influence others. The selection criterion is the careful consideration of several programs based on the curriculum, philosophy, methodology, approach, or perspectives that they offer to coaching experiences.

Key Components of Accredited Programs 

In the field of accredited coaching programs, there are various important components contributing to their success and serving as an essential basis for coach development. The all-around curriculum is facilitated by competent educators, ensuring coaching knowledge and skill areas are presented fully. This enables coaches to tackle the diverse challenges within their field of work in an integrated manner. Training programs and mentorship opportunities enhanced by such education strengthen it further, giving the student a proper background understanding of reality while speeding up his or her growth curve.

Trailblazing Your ICF Coaching Certification Odyssey

The path towards ICF coaching certification is indeed filled with choices for accredited programs that provide distinctive routes to prowess. It is essential to analyze these options carefully in connection with one’s learning preferences and goals, as well as the willingness of an individual to devote resources to personal development. Each program is different, with specific benefits; therefore, the choice lies in what best fits an individual’s values and goals. The journey of exploration becomes every bit as important, not just for honing professional skills but for defining one’s coaching identity itself.

A Commitment to Continuous Learning

The ICF coaching certification is not a one-time accomplishment; instead, it shows dedication to lifetime learning and eternal development. After the certification has been awarded, ongoing dedication to continuous professional development and active involvement in a coaching community becomes essential. This commitment ensures that coaches are always aware of trends in the industry, continue to improve themselves and adhere to standards of coaching excellence. Constantly changing coaching requires constant updating of the way of doing things and a willingness to adopt new technologies and contribute towards further development in the world of coaching.

Pioneering a Legacy of Impact

Apart from the personal outcome, ICF-certified coaches become builders of a legacy that features positive development. As torchbearers of transformative coaching principles, they influence a tidal wave of people to embark on similar journeys, generating effects that multiply the impact of ethical coaches. Their involvement goes beyond personal achievement; it is about ensuring a future where coaching becomes more than an occupation but rather the force behind a better social and organizational life.

The Adoption of Diversity and Inclusion

In the rapidly changing coaching arena, ICF-certified coaches take on the dynamic role of promoting diversity and inclusion. This fact arises, emphasizing the need to encourage settings promoting diversity and guaranteeing equal provision of coaching. The ICF coaching certification, with its ability to respect the uniqueness of every individual, equips coaches with the skills required for addressing different cultural backgrounds, perspectives, and identities. When coaches prioritize inclusivity, they also create a broader and more filled-with-life environment of coaching for clients from all walks of life where each client feels noticed, listened to, and enabled. Diversity is not only beneficial for contextualizing the coach-client relationship but also reflects a change in society that wants spaces that enable growth and development.

Conclusion:

In a world where personal and professional development is valued, ICF coaching certification stands as a strong catalyst for positive change beyond mere individual success. It goes beyond being a qualification; it is an undertaking to unleash individual and organizational potential. Individuals who select any ICF-accredited coaching programs thus not only develop themselves but also move up their standards of training and become a powerful force for positive change. It is this quest towards earning ICF credentials that becomes a landmark chapter of the great story of human development and has a lasting positive impact. Start your journey then and gain your knowledge with proper achievement in every step of your learning.

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Each individual harbors unique ambitions aligned with their interests, values, and personality. However, the pursuit of learning a new language transcends the boundaries of one’s field of expertise.

Today, the demand for acquiring a second language, such as Spanish, is soaring not only in schools but also in colleges and prestigious companies. This surge is a direct consequence of the heightened global economic and cultural integration, which has fueled the need for foreign language skills. Adapting and enhancing our skill set in language acquisition is imperative in this evolving landscape.

LearnSpanish, a renowned Spanish language institute in Ghaziabad, offers comprehensive language courses designed to equip learners with effective communication skills in the target language in a remarkably short time. Our programs cater to individuals of all age groups and proficiency levels.

Why Choose LearnSpanish as Your First Choice?

If you’re considering learning the Spanish language in Ghaziabad, opting for LearnSpanish is a wise decision. Wondering why we should be your top pick? Here’s why:

1. **Experience**: LearnSpanish stands out as the only institute in Ghaziabad solely dedicated to teaching Spanish and imparting the associated cultures of the language.
2. **Conducive Environment**: We strive to transform classrooms into dynamic, interactive spaces, fostering an environment conducive to understanding and speaking the language right from day one.
3. **Small Study Groups**: We recognize the importance of small study groups for effective learning. That’s why we keep class sizes small, ensuring individualized attention for every student.
4. **Learning Materials**: Our course materials are meticulously curated, regularly updated, and tailored to ensure relevance and success in your language journey.

Why Should You Learn Spanish?

Every language offers significant benefits. Just as proficiency in English, whether it’s your native tongue or a language you’ve learned, can enhance your personal and professional life, so too can learning Spanish. Once you acquire skills in reading, writing, speaking, and listening in Spanish, you can reap a multitude of benefits:

– **Enhanced Understanding of English**: Learning Spanish can deepen your understanding of English.

– **Expanded Job Opportunities**: Proficiency in Spanish opens doors to numerous job opportunities, both domestically and internationally.

– **Experiencing New Possibilities**: Learning Spanish grants you access to new experiences and opportunities.

– **Cognitive Benefits**: Learning a second language has cognitive benefits and enhances your brain’s capabilities.

– **Cultural Enrichment**: Learning Spanish allows you to immerse yourself in a different culture and, in turn, gain a deeper understanding of your own.

Embracing a comprehensive and meaningful course like Spanish Courses in Ghaziabad will enable you to unlock these benefits when you wholeheartedly invest in your language learning journey.

“Language gives birth to a unique beauty, exists within it, and thrives for its expression.” – Gaston Bachelard

For those who refuse to confine their thinking to a single language, the allure of learning a second one beckons. If you find yourself in this category, you’re on the right path.

In our ever-evolving world, where mobility is more accessible than ever, acquiring a second language is an invaluable asset. Not only does it enhance your travel experiences, but it also greatly benefits your overall education and career aspirations. Mastering a foreign language equips you with mental acumen, regardless of your age.

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The workplace’s competencies and skills are one of the biggest assets of an organization that are correlated to its revenue and production. A comprehensive skill evaluation is necessary to be carried out to comprehend the team’s current situation and chalk out an action plan for its future needs. This allows the company to sort out its recruitment plans before the human resources department delves into the huge pool of potential applicants. Simply expressed skills assessment aims to accurately determine whether or not a person is fit for performing the given tasks or not.

Since it is such a crucial factor and you don’t want to miss out on your dream job because you have failed an assessment test, here are some ways to determine your strengths and weaknesses.

What Is A Skill Assessment Test?

Before we dive deeper into the benefits and how you can assess yourself, let us first understand what exactly a skill assessment test is.

A skill assessment tool is meant to gauge your aptitude and skills. These tests are conducted by organizations to ensure that their job applicants possess all the required abilities to carry out the various tasks assigned to them. The main goal of these tests is to narrow down the qualified applicants to make the hiring process easier. These tools are time-saving and helpful while managing high-volume hiring.

Apart from this, skills assessment has other purposes as well. It allows organizations to objectively assess employees for numerous roles while identifying potential employees who have leadership qualities. It also allows candidates to identify their strengths and weaknesses, thus, enabling them to work on their improvement areas. These tests are often in the form of general evaluation offering a detailed understanding of the candidate’s fit for the position and company culture.

What Are The Types Of Skill Assessment Tests?

If you are just beginning your job search and are not quite sure about what a skill assessment test means or how many different types can you encounter, here are some of the common types of tests taken by companies:

• Technical Skill Test

This gives away your abilities in the technical field such as software familiarity, accounting, and others depending on the position you are applying for. The results of this test enable the company to know how well-versed and updated you are with technology and technical developments.

• Soft Skill Test

This test is a form of skill assessment that offers a necessary insight into your interpersonal skills. The outcome of this allows the hiring managers to understand if you possess all the required qualities that align with the company’s work culture.

• Personality Test

This test is aimed to determine your motivation, inclinations, and interests towards the position you have applied for. If you have applied for a job role that requires a specific temperament, this parameter is a must to assess your performance.

• Cognitive Ability Test

This assessment is to evaluate your performance in more unexpected scenarios to see how you would behave in such situations. It is mainly to assess your critical thinking and problem-solving skills in unfavourable situations.

• Psychometric Tests

This is used as a measuring technique to analyze your behavioural and mental traits. It determines the psychological and intellectual attributes that you will bring to the table if successfully hired for the job.

What Is The Use Of Skill Assessment?

Since it offers a large number of benefits the importance of skill assessment cannot be overlooked. Here is a list of reasons why it is necessary:

• Evaluate Strengths And Weaknesses

These exams allow you to identify your positives and negatives. It allows you to have a clear idea about the things you need to work on and the areas you need to develop to get hired for a particular job.

• Plans For Individualized Growth

Since it gives you an insight into your improvement areas, you can chalk out an individualized training and development plan. This will allow you to be better prepared against the industry standards, the next time you apply for the same role.

• Tracks Progress

When you are working on yourself, it is beneficial if you track your progress. In such cases taking regular assessments can help you identify your improvement and the potential areas you need to work on.

• Helps In Development Of New Skills

When you are regularly evaluating yourself you are aware more about yourself. This will allow you to unlock your true potential and discover the areas you are good at thus allowing you to develop brand new skills.

How Can You Conduct Skill Assessment?

If you want to conduct a skill assessment by yourself, follow the given steps:

1. Focus On Job Specific Skills

Instead of generic skills, focus on industry-specific skills that you think your future companies would desire in you. These skills are based on everyday tasks and work responsibilities. You will want to spend your valuable time concentrating on skills that matter in the workplace and can affect your job performance.

2. Test Both Soft And Technical Skills

While you are assessing yourself, it is best to assess both technical and soft skills. This is because both of them are essential to sustaining a workplace. Technical skills are the ones that are typically related to the job position you are applying for, while soft skills are the interpersonal skills that will help you communicate and collaborate with others. A balanced blend of these two can help you succeed at your workplace.

3. Find The Ideal Testing Method

Once you have identified the talent areas you need to focus on, it’s time to determine how effectively you can assess them. While some of your core areas can be examined via a written test, others might require a more creative approach. Online scenarios and aptitude tests can be a good way to develop your specific expertise.

4. Create A Series Of Self-Assessments

Self-assessment can be a valuable tool and you can track your progress through online training. You might want to develop a list of resources such as videos, websites, articles, etc., and create your evaluation plan. The key idea here is to build your intrinsic motivation to be able to brush up on your capabilities as and when required.

Conduct A Successful Analysis For Your Corporate Journey

Utilize skills assessments to tailor your inner abilities to the changing industry needs. If you are looking for a more focused approach and want to learn evaluation and leadership in detail, try pursuing an Education Management Course . This course will enable you to discover how to conduct an effective task analysis for your next corporate life. Try the above-mentioned guidelines for an effective skills assessment and the creation of your pathway towards your dream career.

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Kuala Lumpur, the vibrant capital of Malaysia, beckons travelers with its fascinating blend of modern marvels, cultural diversity, and captivating landmarks. Whether you’re planning a visit or simply curious about this bustling metropolis, join us on a journey to uncover the fun facts and must-see attractions that make Kuala Lumpur a truly remarkable destination.

A Melting Pot of Culture and Location

Situated in the western part of Peninsular Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur stands tall as the largest city and the beating heart of the country. Its name, which translates to “Muddy Confluence,” pays homage to its strategic position at the confluence of the Klang and Gombak rivers. This cultural melting pot boasts a population of approximately 2 million people, with Malay as the national language. However, you’ll find English, Chinese (Mandarin), and Tamil widely spoken, adding to the vibrant tapestry of languages. Immerse yourself in the city’s rich cultural heritage and explore its natural reserves, embracing the beauty that surrounds you.

Time Difference and Seamless Transportation

For travelers coming from the UK, Kuala Lumpur offers a fascinating time difference to adjust to. During summertime, the city is seven hours ahead, while during winter, it’s eight hours ahead. Embrace the excitement of exploring a new destination and dive into Kuala Lumpur’s efficient transportation system. Hop aboard one of the three train lines (MRT, LRT, and monorail) to effortlessly navigate the city’s bustling streets. The KLIA Ekspres, a dedicated high-speed service, provides a seamless journey to and from the airport. Alternatively, buses, taxis, and car rentals are readily available for a more personalized travel experience.

Unveiling Iconic Landmarks

Prepare to be enthralled by Kuala Lumpur’s iconic landmarks that dominate the city’s skyline. At the top of the list are the legendary Petronas Twin Towers, hailed as the tallest twin buildings globally, soaring an awe-inspiring 452 meters high. Admire the architectural marvel as you traverse the double-decker sky bridge connecting the 41st and 42nd floors. For an adrenaline rush, head to the Batu Caves, a natural wonder housing intricate Hindu temples within limestone caverns that date back millions of years. Ascend the 272 steps to the main cave and marvel at the rich cultural heritage and breathtaking views that await. Don’t miss the Forest Eco Park’s Canopy Walkway, where you can wander among the treetops and embrace a bird’s-eye view of both the lush greenery and the cityscape. Immerse yourself in Malaysia’s artistic realm at Istana Budaya, the National Theatre, hosting captivating performances that span various genres and leave audiences in awe. And if you’re seeking an exhilarating family adventure, Sunway Lagoon awaits, offering a multi-park extravaganza with a plethora of thrilling rides, water attractions, and captivating shows.

A Safe Haven and Expat-Friendly Environment

Kuala Lumpur exudes a welcoming atmosphere and provides a safe haven for residents and visitors alike. The city boasts a vibrant expat community, ensuring a diverse and inclusive environment. With excellent educational opportunities, a well-developed infrastructure, and an improving healthcare system, Kuala Lumpur offers peace of mind to those calling it home. Delve into the favored districts among expats, such as Bangsar, Mont Kiara, Damansara, and Desa ParkCity, each offering unique charm and an array of amenities to suit different preferences.

Choosing the Perfect Stay

Finding the ideal neighborhood to call home during your stay in Kuala Lumpur is key to maximizing your experience. Look no further than Bukit Bintang, a vibrant district in the city center that offers an array of hotels, tantalizing restaurants, and world-class shopping destinations like the renowned Pavillion. Allow yourself to be swept away by the charm of the area and indulge in the local cuisine at the fabulous Jalan Alor food market. For convenient access to transportation and a central location, consider staying near KL Sentral Station. This area offers proximity to popular attractions like the Butterfly Park, National Mosque, and Botanical Garden. Alternatively, immerse yourself in the vibrant energy of Chinatown and Merdeka Square, where you’ll find an array of budget-friendly accommodations, bustling markets, and trendy establishments. Venture off the beaten path to Chow Kit, Kampung Baru, Masjid India, and discover hidden gems that cater to your budget while immersing you in the local culture. And if you seek tranquility and open spaces, Bangsar South beckons with its peaceful ambiance and a selection of apartment hotels to choose from.

The Alice Smith International School: A World-Class Education

For families seeking an exceptional education for their children, the Alice Smith International School stands as a beacon of academic excellence. Founded by Alice Fairfield-Smith, this esteemed institution is the first British international school in Malaysia. With a Primary Campus in Kuala Lumpur and a Secondary Campus in nearby Selangor, the school embraces diversity and fosters a supportive community. Students are encouraged to explore and discover their passions within an innovative and connected environment.

In conclusion, Kuala Lumpur is a treasure trove of wonders that seamlessly weaves together history, culture, and modernity. From its iconic landmarks that dominate the skyline to its vibrant neighborhoods teeming with life, this captivating city promises an unforgettable experience. Embark on an adventure, immerse yourself in the local culture, and create memories that will last a lifetime in the remarkable city of Kuala Lumpur.

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You are a student and you want  to become the best in your class?  A revision method to boost your memorization potential combining the pleasure of learning, ease and efficiency. Discover the  Martinez Method  !

Different revision techniques exist. From repetitive “by heart” to association by visualization, mental image or invented story, the creation of mnemonic cards or the use of Mind-Map  ; all these methods make it possible to memorize information in a durable way. To retain information, the student must first have the intention, the motivation and the pleasure of learning.

And you, do you have the right revision method?

The learning of knowledge by repetition and by rote has been inculcated from childhood by the school system. However, if this  revision method had been infallible all children would be geniuses, right? This boring learning method where the student relentlessly gets information into his brain by repeating and repeating the same sentences without really understanding the meaning is a real waste of time. Concentrating on hours to retain the information written on the textbooks, the student, at some point “blocks” and cannot memorize. He becomes discouraged because of the time spent without results. The student will have to reread, relearn and repeat this information again, hoping to retain it without any real guarantee of succeeding. To the fatigue will be added the stress, and the loss of self-confidence.

Other revision methods highlight a playful way of learning using techniques  of memorization  by visualization, associations of images or mental films, assimilating unknown information using known and easy to remember information. .

Revision methods

The principle is to speak aloud the information learned. The student could visualize an imaginary friend to whom he would ask questions on the subject and answer them for him. He could then at mealtime with his parents discuss what he has just learned. Then the next day with friends explain again what he discovered.

This exercise allows you to visualize learning by drawing on a map. This is a fun way to retain information. On the front of the card the information to learn, and on the back the answer in the form of a drawing. It is the principle of having created it oneself which accentuates the understanding of the subject. Each card being personal, because thought and drawn by the student himself.

Invent me a story, draw me a lesson

This learning technique makes it possible to associate information by linking it to a mental image. By inventing a story around the subject learned, the student will remember it easily and in a pleasant way. It requires imagination and therefore a return to childhood

Illustrating Information: An Easy Review Method

An effective solution that is illustration. The association of information with an object or an animal or by a breakdown of words in the form of diagrams helping to visualize the subject learned. It allows you to assimilate information by using information in the form of drawn notes or by using known phrases or words that are therefore easy to remember.

The watering technique

It’s impossible for your brain to be on top for hours. This method consists of regularly alternating work time and relaxation breaks for better concentration and optimal learning conditions.

Give your brain time

After learning, it is necessary to allow time to “decompress” to assimilate the information and retain it. For two or three days move on to something else and then come back to the information learned

Space out review times for long-lasting memorization

Allow yourself time to assimilate the information learned for 2 days then return to the lessons and again allow 2 days of assimilation then resume the review. It is an effective solution because split and repeated. The principle of repetition spaced in time allows better memorization.

Use your five senses for good memorization

An exercise that associates learned information with one or more senses. The human being has one of his five senses more developed than the others. For a so-called “auditory” person, associating a sound with a subject to be learned or for a “kinaesthetic” person, associating it with a feeling or a movement, will allow easier memorization.

Lifestyle as a revision method

Eating healthily on a regular basis, getting enough sleep, moving, getting some fresh air, all these elements form a good balance between body and mind. Neuroscientists have demonstrated that the brain processes and structures information at night. It is important that after a learning phase, sleep is important for memorization.

The white sheet technique

When you want  to learn your lessons by heart , very often the reflex is to close your eyes, to recite the key points in your head, all above your course book. But here we are often tempted to open our eyes and fill in the memory lapse. The technique of the white sheet simply to return its courses, take a blank paper and transcribe a maximum of information retained. Once we have transcribed what we have retained, we resume our lessons and start again. Very often you will see that in 2 tries you will have retained 70% of the important information!

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In this back-to-school period, I decided to talk to you about the science of teaching, and the teaching of science! Oh, don’t worry, I’m not going to try to explain to teachers how they should do their job in general, but rather talk about a specific debate that I didn’t know had been the subject of many publications: the benefits of active learning .

In this post, we will see why it seems obvious that active pedagogy is much better than traditional teaching methods, and why in the end it may not be so sure!

Let’s do a thought experiment: you are a college physics teacher. You need to teach your students about falling bodies, including the fact that – in a vacuum – all bodies fall the same way, regardless of their mass or nature .

You are given the choice between two methods:

A so-called direct instruction method  : you have your students take a notebook and a pen, you grab your chalk, and you solemnly write on the board “In a vacuum, all bodies fall in the same way with an acceleration equal to that of gravity. g = 9.8m/s2”. You repeat, you frame in red and you ask them to learn it well by heart.

A so-called “active” method : you form small groups and ask your students what they think of falling bodies. Then you have them experiment with falling into a tube in which you can evacuate and drop objects. They experiment with various objects (a feather, a coin) and time the trajectories in the tube. And they themselves arrive at the conclusion of an identical fall with constant acceleration, while being marked by the spectacular behavior of the feather falling into the void

For many, it is obvious that the second method is much better for learning and understanding. Besides, as Confucius said (it’s always classy to quote Confucius):

confucius_jean_piagetWhat Confucius summarizes in a clear way became a theory of pedagogy, which appeared in the 20th century under the term constructivism . Its essential idea is that learning is an active process: one retains and better understands the knowledge that one has constructed oneself , that one has discovered, as opposed to that which one has received “all cooked”.

Since we are in quotations, Jean Piaget (opposite next to Confucius), one of the founding fathers of constructivism told us:

If we follow the constructivist idea, it would therefore be more effective to learn (and therefore to teach) through practical activities, games and group discussions, than through a lecture, a book or a presentation.

Problem-based learning

From the idea of ​​constructivism, several variants of active pedagogy have been developed, but they all revolve more or less around the same ingredients found in what has been called “problem-based learning”.

The idea is to start from a problem situated in its context, and not necessarily “well-posed” (for example “How fast do objects fall?”). Working in a group makes it possible to analyze the problem, to mobilize previous knowledge and to try to formulate hypotheses and strategies to solve it. And it is by solving the problem that one builds oneself the new knowledge to be acquired .

Of course in this type of pedagogy, the role of the teacher changes, since he is no longer there to deliver knowledge, but rather to facilitate its discovery by the students.

Problem-based learning applies particularly well to science, as in the example I cited at the beginning of this post. Through practical work or scientific projects, students can construct the knowledge they need to acquire themselves, by reproducing the path taken by professional researchers to make their discoveries.

(By the way, I often had the impression in my schooling that scientific practical work – from 2nd to university – was closer to direct instruction than to active pedagogy, with very directed statements like “do this and watch that”, and leaving little room for exploration).

Active learning, does it really work?

child sleeping in classAccording to proponents of this method of teaching, active methods improve students’ understanding, memorization and ability to solve problems, as well as their motivation to learn and work in groups. In short, that’s good.

It seems clear, and yet … this belief is based mainly on intuition, but not very much on in-depth studies! First, it is obvious that in some areas, direct instruction is much more effective than the active method . I doubt you would want to learn to fly an airplane from scratch, exploring the various aircraft controls on your own without any guidance!

But even in scientific fields, several studies have shown that direct instruction can be more effective than active methods. In mathematics, Sweller and Cooper found [2] that an exercise explicitly treated and solved by the teacher was better assimilated than the same exercise that the students had to solve by themselves . Similarly Clahr and Nigham [3] verified that the quality of memorization and understanding was identical, regardless of the type of pedagogy followed (active or direct).

A theory has been proposed to explain why the active method is not the universal panacea. It is based on the idea of ​​working memory [4]. We know that our working memory has a limited capacity (like your computer’s RAM). If a student has to solve a very open problem, he will saturate his working memory to try to explore the space of solutions, and will have no more available for learning and memorization. Whereas with direct instruction, all working memory is used to understand and learn.

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